18 kinds of thermal insulation materials for building insulation, advantages and disadvantages and parameter comparison
Chapter 1 Inorganic Materials
Advantages: fire retardant, small deformation coefficient, stable and environmentally friendly performance, low construction difficulty and low cost.
Disadvantages: large bulk density, poor compactness and processability, poor thermal insulation performance.
☆The following parameters are for reference only☆
1, foamed cement (Foam cement)
Thermal conductivity 0.08-0.28 W/(m·K)
Dry bulk density 300-1600 Kg/m 3
Compressive strength 0.6-4.5 MPA
Foamed cement is also called insulation concrete, foam concrete, aerated concrete and foamed concrete.
The foam is uniformly mixed with the cement slurry, and then cast-in-place or mold-formed to form an insulating material containing a large number of closed pores.
It is a bubble-shaped insulation material. It has a wide range of applications in building insulation.
2, calcium silicate products (CaSiO 3 )
1, diatomite insulation brick
Porosity 50%-80%
Density around 700Kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.13-0.20W/(mk)
Use temperature ≤ 1250 ° C
The diatomaceous earth is used as a main raw material to add some combustible materials, which are prepared by mixing, molding, sintering, and the like. Mainly used for thermal insulation of industrial furnaces and other thermal equipment and heat pipes.
2, calcium silicate insulation material
Density 140-270kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.058-0.075 W/(m·k)
Use temperature ≤1000°C
It is made by diatomaceous earth, silica, lime, etc. by mixing, forming and hydrothermal treatment. Mainly used for fire and heat insulation in the fields of electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical, construction, shipbuilding, etc.
3, aluminum silicate cotton (Al 2 O 3 · SiO 2 )
Dry density ≤220kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity ≤ 0.07W / (m · k)
Compressive strength ≥100kpa
Slurry density ≤ 1000kg/m 3
Volume shrinkage ≤ 20.0%
Use temperature >1000 °C
Aluminum silicate is also known as refractory fiber. The raw materials such as coke gems, high-purity alumina, and silica are melted at a high temperature to form fibers, and press-formed.
4, expanded perlite (expanded perlite)
Low temperature thermal conductivity 0.028 ~ 0.038W / (m · K)
Normal temperature thermal conductivity coefficient 0.0245~0.048W/(m·K)
High temperature thermal conductivity 0.058~0.175W/(m·K)
The maximum operating temperature is around 800 °C
It is a kind of natural acidic vitreous lava, which is called expanded perlite due to its volume expansion of 4 to 30 times at 1000-1300 °C.
These include perlite, rosin and obsidian. As a high-efficiency insulation and cold-keeping filling material, it is widely used in construction, metallurgy, petroleum, machinery, light industry, hydropower, foundry, medicine, food, agriculture, forestry and horticulture.
5. Rock wool
Thermal conductivity 0.030-0.047 W/(m·K)
Density of 180kg/m 3 or so
Compressive strength 40-100Kpa
Rock wool originated from the Hawaiian volcanic eruption. Its production process is a natural process of simulating volcanic eruptions. Basalt, dolomite and other raw materials are used as the main raw materials. After melting at a high temperature of 1450 ° C or higher, the fibers are centrifuged at high speed, and then solidified and cut into rock wool products of different specifications and uses.
6, mineral wool
Raw cotton capacity 50~100kg/m 3
Felt weight 40~200kg/m 3
The plate weight is 70~500kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.041~0.07 W/(m·K)
Cotton-like short fibers made of silicate melt, which are mainly made of metallurgical slag or fly ash, are called slag wool.
There are three kinds of cotton forming processes: injection method, centrifugal method and centrifugal injection method. Mineral wool and binder can be made into various mineral wool products through the processes of forming, drying and solidifying.
7, glass wool
The weight is 10-120kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity of 0.042 W / (m · K)
The chemical constituents of glass wool are glass and are an artificial inorganic fiber. Glass wool is a material that fiberizes molten glass to form a cotton.
It has the characteristics of good forming, small bulk density, good thermal conductivity, good sound absorption, corrosion resistance and stable chemical properties.
Because of the need to cover the use of fibers, the surface treatment methods are commonly used: plastic paper and surface coating.
8, foam glass (foam glass)
Density 160-220kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity is about 0.058W/(m·K)
Bubble diameter 1-2mm
An inorganic non-metallic glass material prepared by pulverizing, mixing, high-temperature melting, foaming, and annealing, such as cullet, a foaming agent, a modifying additive, and a foaming accelerator.
The sound absorbing foam glass is more than 50% open cell bubbles, and the heat insulating foam glass is more than 75% closed cell air bubbles.
9.vitrified beads
The weight is light 80~120kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.043-0.070W/(m·K)
Expanded vitrified microbeads are inorganic vitreous mineral materials processed by multi-stage silicon carbide electric heating tube production process technology.
It is an irregular spheroid particle with an internal porous cavity structure, the surface is vitrified, and the gloss is smooth.
It can replace the application of many traditional lightweight aggregates such as fly ash float beads, glass beads, expanded perlite and polyphenyl granules in different products.
10 foamed ceramics
Density 250~280kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.08~0.1W/(m·K)
A closed-cell ceramic material obtained by roasting at a high temperature with clay tailings, ceramic chips, river silt, etc. as main raw materials.
Under thermal expansion and contraction, there is no cracking, no deformation, no shrinkage. After the inorganic interface agent of the double flour brush, the tensile bond strength with the cement mortar can reach 0.2MPa or more.
11.ceramic fiber (ceramic fiber)
Fiber diameter 2-5μm
Ordinary ceramic fiber is also called aluminum silicate fiber. Generally, ceramic fiber blanket is divided into two types, one is silk carpet and the other is silk spray blanket.
Ceramic fiber products are an excellent refractory material. It has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, small heat capacity, good thermal insulation performance, good high temperature insulation performance and no toxicity.
12 Aerogel (aerogel)
Density around 3kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.013-0.03W/(m·K)
Aerogel, also known as xerogel, solid smoke, blue smoke. The gel removes most of the solvent, making the liquid much less than the solid, or the medium filled in the gel is a gas, and the appearance is solid, which is an aerogel.
A common aerogel is a silicone aerogel. At present, the lightest aerogel is only 0.16mg/cm 3 , which is slightly lower than the air density and the world's lightest solid.
13. Vacuum Insulation Panel (Vacuum Insulation Panel)
Thermal conductivity is about 0.003W/(m·K)
The vacuum insulation board (VIP board) is one of vacuum insulation materials, which is a composite of a filled core material and a vacuum protection surface layer. It is currently the most advanced and efficient insulation material in the world.
VIP is mainly used for thermal insulation, such as household refrigerators, yacht refrigerators, mini refrigerators, car refrigerators, deep cold freezers, electric water heaters, vending machines, freezers, refrigerated containers, building wall insulation and LNG storage and transportation.
Chapter II Organic Materials
Advantages: light weight, good processability, high compactness and good thermal insulation effect.
Disadvantages: easy to burn, high engineering cost, difficult to recycle.
1. molded polystyrene (EPS)
Density 15-50kg/m 3
Thermal conductivity 0.030-0.045W/(m·K)
Operating temperature <70 ° C
A foamed rigid closed cell structure foam is formed in a mold from expandable polystyrene beads containing a blowing agent.
Graphite polystyrene board (SEPS) is added to graphite on the basis of the original, with lower thermal conductivity and better fireproof performance.
The real gold plate uses the polymer fireproof isolation binning particle technology to improve the fire rating, and other properties are basically the same.
2, extruded polystyrene (XPS)
Thermal conductivity 0.026-0.035W/(m·K)
Strength coefficient 150-1000kpa
Water absorption rate <1%
Density 15-50kg/m 3
It is a continuous and superficial honeycomb structure made of polystyrene resin and other additives.
Building roof insulation, steel roofing, building wall insulation, building floor moisturizing, square ground, ground frost heave control, central air conditioning ventilation duct, airport runway insulation, high-speed railway subgrade, etc.
The graphite extruded board adds graphite to the original extruded board, which can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity and enhance the fire resistance.
3, polyurethane (PU)
A density of 40kg ~ 35 / m . 3 when
Thermal conductivity 0.018-0.024W/(m·K)
Compressive strength 200-300KPA
2019 08/23